AI in Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Review and Framework for Trustworthy Integration

ABSTRACT

Emergency medicine relies on timely decision-making and precise resource allocation to optimize patient outcomes, with technological innovation playing an increasingly pivotal role in acute care. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the development and evolution of technological integration in emergency medicine, tracing the shift from early computational algorithms to modern predictive and analytical tools. We further propose a structured framework for the reliable adoption of novel technologies in emergency practice, addressing critical issues like clinical validity, ethical compliance, data security, and clinician-technology collaboration. Informed by multidisciplinary insights from emergency medicine, medical informatics, and healthcare management, the framework establishes guidelines for the safe and accountable use of technological tools in acute care. Highlighting the co-first authors’ equal contributions, we also identify key directions for future research, including real-world validation, regulatory alignment, and the cultivation of technological literacy among emergency clinicians. This review acts as a core reference for stakeholders seeking to harness technological advancements while managing risks in emergency medicine.