Review on the Application Progress of Spectroscopic Techniques in Periodontal Diseases

ABSTRACT

Periodontal disease is a common oral disorder that affects the tissues surrounding teeth, including the gums, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. Traditional diagnostic methods such as clinical examinations, X-ray imaging, and periodontal probing have limitations in early diagnosis and disease monitoring. In recent years, spectroscopic techniques, as non-invasive and highly sensitive analytical tools, have gradually demonstrated great potential in the diagnosis and treatment of periodontal diseases. This article reviews the application progress of spectroscopic techniques in the field of periodontal diseases, with a focus on the principles, application examples, and the latest research findings of Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, near-infrared spectroscopy, and other techniques. These techniques provide detailed information about the composition and structure of tissues by measuring the interaction between light and biological tissues, which is helpful for the early detection of periodontal diseases, the evaluation of treatment effects, and the monitoring of disease progression. Through the application of these techniques, we can comprehensively understand the pathological mechanisms of periodontal diseases, develop more effective diagnostic tools, and provide more precise guidance for clinical treatment. Spectroscopic techniques provide detailed