White Paper on Dry Eye-Friendly Technologies for Lighting Health

ABSTRACT

Dry eye syndrome (DES) is a multifactorial chronic ocular surface disorder caused by tear film instability, ocular surface inflammation, and neural abnormalities. With the widespread adoption of LED lighting, high-energy blue light (400-450 nm), flicker effects, and improper color temperature have emerged as new risk factors, disrupting tear film stability and inducing oxidative stress. Epidemiological studies indicate higher prevalence rates among the elderly, women, and populations in arid regions. Healthy lighting strategies emphasize spectral optimization, flicker reduction, and dynamic adjustment of brightness and color temperature, utilizing technologies such as full-spectrum LEDs and high-frequency PWM dimming. Future efforts require interdisciplinary collaboration to establish industry standards, develop smart lighting systems, and enhance public education to mitigate the socioeconomic burden of DES. diseases (particularly immune and endocrine disorders),